Inter VLAN configuration

 

PC configuration

PC0 

IP address: 192.168.10.1

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.10.254

PC1

IP address: 192.168.10.2

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.10.254

PC2

IP address: 192.168.20.1

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.20.254

PC3

IP address: 192.168.20.2

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.20.254

PC4

IP address: 192.168.30.1

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.30.254

PC5

IP address: 192.168.30.2

subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.30.254

Switch configuration

Create 3 Vlans. 

Vlan 10(interface range fa0/1-5)

Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-5

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access 

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

wr

Vlan 20(interface range fa0/6-10) 

Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/6-10

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access 

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20

wr

Vlan30(interface range fa0/11-15).

Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/10-15

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access 

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 30

wr

Switch#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Gig0/1, Gig0/2

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5

20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

Fa0/10

30 VLAN0030 active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15

 Trunk port configuation on switch

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all

Switch(config-if)#Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch#wr

Router configuration

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#no ip ad

R1(config-if)#no ip address

R1(config-if)#no shu

R1(config-if)#no shutdown 

wr

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0.10

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10

R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#no shutdown

wr

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0.20

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20

R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#no shutdown

wr

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0.30

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 30

R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#no shutdown

wr

Ping TEST 

PC0-PC2

Ping 192.168.20.1

C:\>ping 192.168.20.1

Pinging 192.168.20.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.

Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC0-PC4

C:\>ping 192.168.30.1

Pinging 192.168.30.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.

Reply from 192.168.30.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.30.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.30.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.30.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

Now we are able to ping between Vlan 10, Vlan 20 and Vlan 30 IPs.

 Python: get weather of cities

import requests

def get_wether(latitude, longitude):

    response = requests.get(f"https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast?latitude={latitude}&longitude={longitude}&current=temperature_2m")

    data = response.json()

    return data['current']['temperature_2m']

paris_temp = get_wether(48.85, 2.35)

london_temp = get_wether(51.50, -0.12)

tokyo_temp = get_wether(35.68, 139.69)

bangalore_temp = get_wether(12.9629, 77.5775)

print(f"Paris: {paris_temp}°C")

print(f"London: {london_temp}°C")

print(f"Tokyo: {tokyo_temp}°C")

print(f"Bangalore: {bangalore_temp}°C")

Output

Paris: 15.9°C

London: 14.0°C

Tokyo: 22.5°C

Bangalore: 26.2°C

 Python program to check licence

age = 18

has_licence = True

can_drive = age > 18 and has_licence

print(can_drive)

output

True

 Python script to add users and assign group

#!/usr/bin/python3

import os

userlist = ["alpha", "beta", "gamma"]

print("Adding users to system")

print("###############################")

#Loop to add user from userlist

for user in userlist:

    exitcode = os.system("id {}".format(user))

    if exitcode != 0:

        print("User {} does not exist. Adding it.".format(user))

        print("#########################################")

        print()

        os.system("useradd {}".format(user))

    else:

        print("User already exist, skipping it.")

        print("#################################")

        print()

# Condition to check if group exists or not, add if not exist.

exitcode = os.system("grep science /etc/group")

if exitcode != 0:

    print("Group science does not exist. Adding it")

    print("#####################################")

    print()

    os.system("groupadd science")

else:

    print("Group already exist, skipping it.")

    print("#############################")

    print()

for user in userlist:

    print("Adding user {} in the science group".format(user))

    print("################################")

    print()

    os.system("usermod -G science {}".format(user))

------------

Output

Adding users to system

###############################

uid=1002(alpha) gid=1002(alpha) groups=1002(alpha),1005(science)

User already exist, skipping it.

#################################

uid=1003(beta) gid=1003(beta) groups=1003(beta),1005(science)

User already exist, skipping it.

#################################

uid=1004(gamma) gid=1004(gamma) groups=1004(gamma),1005(science)

User already exist, skipping it.

#################################

science:x:1005:alpha,beta,gamma

Group already exist, skipping it.

#############################

Adding user alpha in the science group

################################

Adding user beta in the science group

################################

Adding user gamma in the science group

################################

 Python script to check a file or directory exists or not in linux

vim check-file.py

#!/usr/bin/python3

import os

path = '/tmp/testfile.txt'

if os.path.isdir(path):

    print("It is a directory")

elif os.path.isfile(path):

    print("It is a file.")

else:

    print("file or dir does not exist")

--------------

Grant execute permission to the file

chmod +x check-file.py

Execute the file

./check-file.py

Output

It is a file.

Since I have created this file already, it gave the above output.

Windows laptop mic volume dropped

My laptop volume suddenly dropped low. Below fix worked for me.

start menu -> settings -> Advanced -> Volume mixer

Select Volume mixer

Click Reset. 

Try to record a video and listen or test your mic.

Python

Passing arguments through function using args and kwargs

args take non keyworded arguments, while kwargs take keyworded arguments.

def act1(*args, **kwargs):
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)


act1(5,10,15,vehicle="Car",job="Doctor",country="India")

Output

(5, 10, 15)
{'vehicle': 'Car', 'job': 'Doctor', 'country': 'India'}

 Python

Built-in functions

msg = "hello world"
print(msg.capitalize())
print(msg.islower())
print(msg.isupper())
IP=("192","168","1","1")
print(".".join(IP))
countries = ["India","Pakistan","UAE","Germany","UK","Australia"]
print(countries)
#append to add item
countries.append("US")
print(countries)
#pop to delete item
countries.pop()
print(countries)
countries.pop(3)
print(countries)

Output
Hello world
True
False
192.168.1.1
['India', 'Pakistan', 'UAE', 'Germany', 'UK', 'Australia']
['India', 'Pakistan', 'UAE', 'Germany', 'UK', 'Australia', 'US']
['India', 'Pakistan', 'UAE', 'Germany', 'UK', 'Australia']
['India', 'Pakistan', 'UAE', 'UK', 'Australia']

 Python

Conditions

IT = ["Tech Support", "Development", "QA"]
Healthcare = ("Doctor", "Nurse", "Attender")

profession = input("Enter your profession:")

if profession in IT:
    print(f" {profession} in IT")
elif (profession in Healthcare):
    print(f" {profession} in healthcare")
else:
    print("Profession not found")

Output

Enter your profession:Doctor
 Doctor in healthcare

 Python

Dictionary 

Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs.

#Dictionary
Countries = {"Asia":("India","China", "Pakistan", "Thailand"), "Europe":["Germany","Italy"]}
print(Countries)
print(Countries["Asia"])
print(Countries["Europe"])

Output

{'Asia': ('India', 'China', 'Pakistan', 'Thailand'), 'Europe': ['Germany', 'Italy']}
('India', 'China', 'Pakistan', 'Thailand')
['Germany', 'Italy']

 Python

String indexing        

state = "Kerala is a state located in the southwestern region of India"
print(state[0])
print(state[1])
print(state[2])

print(state[-1])
print(state[-2])

Output

K
e
r

a
i

 Python

Dictionary

Elements in the variable are always in pairs(key: value), curly brackets.

#Dictionary
Dictionary1 = {"Name": "Hafeed", "Age": 36, "Hobbies":["Reading", "Cycling"] }
print(Dictionary1)

Output

{'Name': 'Hafeed', 'Age': 36, 'Hobbies': ['Reading', 'Cycling']}

 Python

Tuple                        

It is a collection data types enclosed in round bracket. 

#Tuple

str1 = "Hello"
num1 = 15
tuple1 = (str1, "India", 10, num1, 3.5)
print(tuple1)  

output

('Hello', 'India', 10, 15, 3.5)          

 Python

List

It is a collection of multi data types enclosed in square brackets.

#List
str1 = "Hello"
num1 = 15
list1 = [str1, "India", 10, num1, 3.5]
print(list1)

output

['Hello', 'India', 10, 15, 3.5]

 Python - Variables

# printing variables
a = 10
b=  20
c = 30
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)            

Output

10
20
30

 Shell script - Find number of times a specific alphabet in a word 

Output

 For loop in shell script

Output

 If else in shell script

Output

Shell script tutorial  - set

This script shows the importance of set command.

set -x #debug mode

set - e #exit the script when there is an error

set -o pipefail #(if there is pipe used in script, set -e won't fail, hence we should also use set -o).

Output